QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (SM39)

Part A

Introduction

The main objectives of this assignment are to focus on the different issues that are being caused by water. Additionally, if water is one of the most important essential items and without it no one can survive for a single day. Additionally, there are different issues that have been highlighted in this study. Moreover, in different parts of Australia, there are different problems that are being caused by water. Moreover, it has been analyzed that the there are a huge amount of arsenic that has been observed in waters and this are causing harm for the mankind and this si one of the most important reason of occurrence of cancer. Additionally, in the first section there has been a discussion of the different studies and in the second part there have been suggestions for solving water related problems and this is discussed in this paragraph. 

Assessing the risks that are related to the drinking water

Question 1

Disadvantages of the epidemiological studies that are compared to the toxicological studies

As there has been a distinction between the two studies and these studies are the toxicological studies and the epidemiological studies (Pascoal et al. 2014, p.233). Additionally, they are the one in which are related to the human health and they are interlinked with one another. Additionally, in epidemiological studies, it has been analyzed that this is the branch of different studies that are reflective of particular diseases. Additionally, in there have been descriptions of the different water-borne diseases that have been caused by water. Additionally, here it has been revealed that if the drinking water is not safe enough then it can cause different diseases.  Luciano et al. (2014, p.270) opined that these diseases are not only cancer but also diseases that affect the different parts of the body. Moreover, in few studies it has been observed that when human beings are consuming water and the water is not boiled before consumption then the arsenic that is present in water they are causing harm to the liver, teeth, skin and it is affecting the body growth. Additionally, in the toxicological study, it has been commented that it focuses on the different effects that are being caused by water and what are the different harms that can be done by different chemicals and they are the nitrates and other chemicals which are involved in water. Additionally, the from the when survey have been conducted on different aspects and it has been observed that there are different harmful components that have been found from the samples of water.

Question 2

Most of the epidemiological studies are related to the exposures explaining the term

Additionally, with the help of the epidemiological studies, most of the peoples can be communicated about the harm that can be done by water (Carocho and Ferreira, 2013, p.15). Moreover, from the findings, it has been discussed that there are different chemicals that are related to water and they are harming the human beings. Additionally, when surveys have been conducted on the fact and the results have come and they are there is high a range of arsenic, nitrates, fluorides and other harmful chemicals and this chemical are causing a major harm to the peoples. Additionally, if this is being communicated and informed to the peoples then they human beings will be benefited. Additionally, they are focusing on different factors and they are the sources of emission, environmental concentration, exposures to the human being's, internal dose and the health effects that are caused by the water. Additionally, when someone is consuming ground waters then they must be careful. As the ground waters are having high chances of chemicals in it and they can affect the human beings (Valentová et al. 2014, p.267). Additionally, if these aspects are not being said to peoples then they will not become aware of this matter and they cannot spread these messages to others.

Question 3

Suggesting the possible research question

There are different questions that can be derived from here and they are discussed here.

What are the different roles that are played by epidemiologist and toxicologist?

What can be the probable steps that can be taken to educate the peoples?

From this part, there has been a discussion of the different questions this opines that both the studies are playing very important role and for this, both of the have to participate in this act. Additionally, from this studies, there must be different ways in which it can be observed that if these studies are being conducted then with it can be understood that what can be the harmful effects that this chemicals. Additionally, when studies have been conducted by different experts then it has revealed that these chemicals are harming the health of animal also. Additionally, when animals are consuming this toxic water they are not surviving for a long time span. There are different symptoms that have been observed in animals and they are there has been deterioration of health in animals, most of the animals have quitted foods and this has been revealed in the health reports of animals. Additionally, this has also affected humans also; there have been problems in human reproductive systems, problems in skins and liver problems. 

Additionally, there are different methods that can be taken for making people's educated and they are by conducting different health camps and by spreading messages by taking the help of different social media and by using different media.

Part B

Epidemiological methods for solving the issues of water related problems

Question 1

Summarizing the article

From the article, it can be pointed the fact that when peoples of Melbourne are consuming water then they are facing different problems and one of the major issues that they are facing and it is the gastroenteritis problems. Additionally, this is the problems that are being faced by different peoples and they are ranging from different age group. Additionally, the major symptoms that can be observed in this diseases and they are the pain in stomach, the tendency of vomiting, unhappy stomach. Additionally, form field of medicine there has been an analysis of this fact that if this disease persists then there are possible chances that the individual can suffer from cancer. Most of the doctors have recommended that when human beings are doing their job for a long time and they are not taking foods then the acids that are present in the stomach are causing harm to stomach. Additionally, those acids are causing infections in the liver. Moreover, these diseases are also being caused by water. If the water is not pure then human beings are having probable chances from suffering from this diseases.  Additionally, here has been a discussion of the different methods that have been taken to understand the effects of harmful water.

Question 2

Explaining the use of the randomized controlled trial for understanding the research question

When this study has been conducted then peoples know about this fact that the chemicals that are present in water are causing harm to their body. When different survey questions have been conducted then most of them know about the fact and for this, they have selected different measures for protection. Additionally, they have installed water purifiers in their kitchens to get the purified water and to remain healthy. Additionally, when they have gathered information that there are different chemicals that are involved in water and they are creating gastric problems then they have taken different strategies to make water pure (Echegoyen and Nerín, 2013, p.16). As it has been discussed above the different symptoms gastric problems and after taking these strategies the medical survey says that there has been an improvement in the health of peoples and they are not facing any symptoms that are being faced by them earlier.

Question 3

Advantages as well as the disadvantages of this study

There are different advantages and disadvantages that have been derived from this study and they are when studies have been conducted on the health of the peoples then thy have become aware of different aspects. Additionally they have come to know about the different issues that have been aroused by water and what can be probable measures to get protected from this gastrointestinal problem. Additionally, when this survey have been conducted in Melbourne then the people of that area have become aware of the fact and after that, they adopted different measures to get 100% pure water. Moreover, they have added water purifiers in their respective kitchens and this has improved their health. Additionally, education has been given to the peoples that they must not consume ground waters and these waters are containing a high amount of different chemicals that are being used by farmers for agriculture purpose. Additionally, there are different loopholes that have been founded and which are the gastric problems cannot be eradicated and those who are suffering from these issues they have to take proper medical supervision.

Conclusion

From this study, it can be concluded that there are different issues that have been faced by peoples and this issues can be solved by active cooperation of the people's. If new plans and policies are being taken this is not the main task for getting proper results the works must be monitored by the panel of experts. Additionally, in Melbourne, if experts look on these aspects and make peoples of a different corner of the world then this will be a better one.